Summary Hardware Security Modules (HSMs) have not substantially evolved in the last two decades. The advent of enclave technology, such as Intel SGX, TDX and AMD SEV, despite their weaknesses [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9], has enabled some to build mildly re-envisioned versions of these devices [10]. However, the solutions currently available on the market today are far from … Continue reading The Evolution and Limitations of Hardware Security Modules